LINGUISTIC ZONES OF EARTH

O.T. FORD
Updated 2024 June 8

Explanation of linguistic zones

Transcription protocols

Names listed below in gold and blue are place names, geographical designations for the linguistic zones. Blue is used for zones broader than mutual intelligibility; gold is for all other zones, whether simple or complex mutual intelligibility. Where such names are not known, the dialect or ethnonym is listed in white.

Conventional regions:

North America South America Europe Middle East

Africa Central and Southern Asia East Asia Oceania

Obsolete dialects Diffuse dialects

UNALASKA: UNANGAM TUNUU (Eastern Aleut)
INUIT NUNAAT: INUKTITUT (Inuit continuum)
—— NUNAVUT: INUKTITUT
—— NUNAVIK: NUNAVIMMIUTITUT
—— NUNATSIAVUT: NUNATSIAVUMMIUTUT
—— KALAALLIT NUNAAT: KALAALLÍSUT (Greenlandic)
DENENDEH: DENE (Athapaskan)
—— BENTEH: DENA’INA (Tanaina)
—— TATL’AHWT’AENN NENN’: AHTNA
—— DINÉTAH: DINÉ BIZAAD (Navajo-Apache)
LINGÍT AANÍ: LINGÍT (Tlingit)
HAIDA GWAII - XAADALA GWAYAAY: XAAT KÍL (Haida)
NUXALK (Bella Coola)
NĒHIYĀNĀHK: NĒHIYAWĒWIN (Cree continuum)
—— PASKWĀWIYINĪNĀHK: NĒHIYAWĒWIN (Plains Cree)
—— EEYOU ISTCHEE (Eastern Cree)
—— NITASKINAN: ATIKAMEKW
—— NITASSINAN: INNU-AIMUN (Innu or Montagnais)
ANISHINAABEWAKI: ANISHINAABEMOWIN (Chippewa/Ojibwa-Potawatomi)
—— OJIBWEWAKI: OJIBWEMOWIN (Chippewa/Ojibwa)
—— BODÉWADMIMWEN (Potawatomi)
GRØNLAND: DANSK (Danish in Greenland)
QUÉBEC: FRANÇAIS (French)
—— ACADIE: FRANÇAIS (French in Acadia)
HAUDENOSAUNEEGA (Iroquois)
—— DUSGA’OWEHONO’GA: SKARURE’ (Tuscarora)
—— KANIÉN:KE: KANIEN’KÉHA (Mohawk)
—— GWEU’GWEHONO’GA: GAYOGOHÓ:NǪ’ (Cayuga)
—— NUNDA’WÄONO’GA: ONÖDOWÁGA (Seneca)
—— ONΛYOTA’A:KA’: ONΛYOTA’A:KA’ (Oneida)
—— ONUN’DÄGAONO’GA: ONÖDOWÁGA (Onondaga)
WABANAKI (Abenaki)
—— MÍKMÁKI: MÍKMAWÍSIMK (Micmac)
—— N’DAKINA: WÔBANAKIÔDWAWÔGAN (Western Abenaki)
—— PANAÔBSKAIIAK: PENAWAPSKEWI (Penobscot or Eastern Abenaki)
—— WAPONAHKIK: WOLASTOQIYIK-PESKOTOMUHKATI (Maliseet-Passamoquoddy)
———— WOLASTOKUK: WOLASTOQIYIK (Maliseet)
———— PESKOTOMUHKATIK: PESKOTOMUHKATI (Passamoquoddy)
SHEWANAKI: WAPANAKAMIKOK (Lenape/Delaware, Powhatan, Piscataway, Nanticoke, Wampanoag)
—— POKANOKET: WÔPANÂAK (Wampanoag, Massachusett-Narragansett)
—— LƏNAPE HAKI-NK: LƏNAPE LI:XSƏŬÁ:KAN (Lenape/Delaware)
———— HƏ̀LƏ̆NI:XSƏŬÁ:KAN (Munsee)
ANGLO-AMERICA: ENGLISH
—— BILEEZ: KRIOL (English Creole in Belize)
—— JUMIEKA: PATWA (English Creole in Jamaica)
—— BARBADOS: BAJAN (English Creole)
—— GUYANA (English creole)
APSÁALOOKE ISSAWUA: APSÁALOOKE (Crow)
WAZIJA: HOCĄK (Winnebago)
TSÉTHO’E: TSĖHESENĖSTSESTOTSE (Cheyenne)
NIITSIPIIS-STAHKOII: SIKSIKÁ (Blackfoot)
NEWE SEGOBIA (Shoshone)
WA SHE SHU E DEH: WASHO
WALATOWA: TOWA (Jemez)
HOPITUTSKWA: HOPILÀVAYI (Hopi)
O’ODHAM JEWEḌ: O’ODHAM HA-ÑE’OKĬ
—— TOHONO: O’ODHAM HA-ÑE’OKĬ (Tohono Oodham)
SHIWINNAQE: SHIWI (Zuñi)
NUMUNUU SOOKOBITU: NUMU TEKWAPUHA (Comanche)
*ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᏟᎢ TSALAGI AJETLII: ᏣᎳᎩ TSALAGI (Cherokee)
MEŠI’KO: NAHUATL (Aztec)
YUKATAAN: YUKATEKO (Yucatec)
MISKITIA: MÍSKITU
BORIKÉN: TAINO
NEDERLANDSE ANTILLEN: NEDERLANDS (Dutch in the Caribbean)
ANTIANAN ULANDES: PAPIAMENTU
AMÉRICA LATINA (Romance in the Western Hemisphere)
—— HISPANOAMÉRICA: ESPAÑOL-CASTELLANO (Spanish)
—— ACADIANE: FRANÇAIS (French in Louisiana)
—— KARAYIB: KREYOL (French Creole in the Caribbean)
———— LOUZYÒN: KREYÒL (Nèg, French Creole in Louisiana)
———— AYISI: KREYÒL (Haiti)
———— GWADLOUP: KREYOL (Guadeloupe)
———— DONMNIK: KWÉYÒL (Dominica)
———— MATNIK: KREYOL (Martinique)
———— SENT LISI: KWÉYÒL (Saint Lucia)
———— LAGWIYANN: KRIYÒL (French Creole in Guiana)
—— GUYANE: FRANÇAIS (French in Guiana)
—— BRASIL: PORTUGUÊS (Portuguese in South America)
WAMPI: WAMPI-MISAMERA-WAM (Guambiano)
PALENGE: LENGUA (Palenquero)
SURINAME: NEDERLANDS (Dutch in Guiana)
SRANAN: SRANAN TONGO
SARNAM: HINDĪ (Hindustānī in Guiana)
TAWANTINSUYU: RUNASIMI (Quechua, or Inca)
QOLLASUYU: AYMAR ARU (Aymara)
PARAGUÁI: AVA ÑE’Ê (Guaraní)
MAPU: MAPUDUNGU (Mapuche, or Araucanian)
GAELTACHT-GÀIDHEALTACHD (Gaelic)
—— ÉIRE: GAEILGE (Gaelic in Ireland)
—— ALBA: GÀIDHLIG (ALBANNACH) (Gaelic in Scotland)
BRITISH ISLES: ENGLISH
—— SCOTLAND: SCOTS
CYMRU: CYMRAEG (Welsh)
OS AÇORES: PORTUGUÊS (Portuguese in the Azores)
ITALIA-GALLIA-IBERIA (Western Romance continuum)
—— PORTUGALIZA: PORTUGALEGO (Portuguese-Galician)
———— PORTUGAL: PORTUGUÊS (Portuguese)
———— GALIZA: GALEGO (Galician)
—— ESPAÑA: ESPAÑOL (Spanish)
———— ASTURIES: ASTURIANU-BABLE
———— EHTREMAURA: EHTREMEÑU
———— CASTILLA: CASTELLANO
———— ARAGÓN: ARAGONÉS
———— ספארד *SƏPƆARAD: לדינו LADĪNOŬ (Ladino)
—— CATALUNYA-OCCITÀNIA: CATALÀ-OCCITAN
———— CATALUNYA-VALÈNCIA: CATALÀ-VALENCIÀ (Catalan)
—————— CATALUNYA: CATALÀ (Catalan)
—————— VALÈNCIA: VALENCIÀ (Valencian)
———— OCCITÀNIA: OCCITAN (or Provençal)
—————— GASCONHA (Gascon)
—————— LEMOSIN (in Limousin)
—————— AUVERNHA (in Auvergne)
—————— LENGADÒC (in Langue d’Oc)
—————— PROVENÇA: PROVENÇAU (Provençal)
—— FRANCE: FRANÇAIS (French)
———— PICARDIE: PICARD
—— WALONREYE: WALON (Walloon)
—— ARPITANIA: ARPITAN (Franco-Provençal)
—— FRIÛL: FURLAN (Friulian)
—— GRISCHUN: RUMANTSCH (Romantsch, Rhaeto-Romance)
—— PADANIA: PADAN (Gallo-Italian, Northern Italian)
———— LOMBARDIA: LOMBARD
———— PIEMONT: PIEMONTÈIS (Piedmontese)
———— LIGUIA: LÌGURE (Ligurian)
———— EMÉGGLIA-RUMÂGNA: EMIGLIÀN-RUMAGNÔL (Emigliano-Romagnolo)
—— VÈNETO: VÈNETO (Venetian)
—— ITALIA: ITALIANO (Standard Italian)
———— CORSICA: CORSU (Corsican)
—— ITALIA D’‘O SUDD: NNAPULITANO (Neapolitan in Southern Italy)
———— SICILIA: SICILIANU
—— SARDIGNA: SARDU (Sardinian)
EUSKAL HERRIA: EUSKARA (Basque)
BREIZH: BREZHONEG (Breton)
FRYSLÂN: FRYSK (West Frisian)
SEELTERLOUND: SEELTERFRÄISK (East Frisian)
FRASCHLÖNJ-FRIISLÖN’: FRASCH-FRIISK (North Frisian)
DEUTSCHLAND-NEDERLAND: DEUTSCH-NEDERLANDS (West Germanic continuum)
—— LËTZEBUERG: LËTZEBUERGESCH (Letz, or Luxemburgish)
—— NEDERLAND: NEDERLANDS (Dutch)
———— VLAANDEREN: VLAAMS (Flemish)
—— TWEANTE: TWEANTS-NEERSASSIES (Low Saxon in Twente)
—— NEDDERDÜÜTSCHLAND: NEDDERDÜÜTSCH (Low German)
—— DEUTSCHLAND: DEUTSCH (High German)
—— אשכנז ƆAŠKENAZ: יידיש JĪDĪŠ (Yiddish in Europe)
—— MAINFRANKEN: MAINFRÄNKISCH
—— SCHWYZ: SCHWYZERDÜTSCH (Swiss German or Allemannisch)
—— BAIERN-ESTARREICH: BAIRISCH-ESTARREICHISCH (German in Bavaria-Austria)
NORDEN (North Germanic)
—— ÍSLAND-FØROYAR: ÍSLENSKA-FØROYSK (Insular Scandinavian)
———— ÍSLAND: ÍSLENSKA (Icelandic)
———— FØROYAR: FØROYSK (Faroese)
—— SKANDINAVIA: SKANDINAVISK (Scandinavian)
———— DANMARK: DANSK (Danish)
———— NORGE: NORSK-BOKMÅL (Norwegian)
———— NOREG: NYNORSK (New Norwegian)
———— SVERIGE: SVENSKA (Swedish)
———— SKAÛNELANN: SKAÛNSK (Scanian)
SÁPMI: SÁMIGIELLA (Lapp)
SUOMI-EESTI: SUOMI-EESTI (Baltic Finnic)
—— SUOMI: SUOMEN KIELI (Finnish)
———— RUIJA: KVEENI
———— KARJAL: KARJALAN KIELI (Karelian)
—— EESTI: EESTI KEEL (Estonian)
———— VÕROMAA-SETOMAA: VÕRO-SETO KIIL
LATVIJA: LATVISKI (Latvian)
LIETUVA: LIETUVIŠKAI (Lithuanian)
*SEVERNOSLAVIJA: *SEVERNOSLOVJANSKI (North Slavic continuum)
—— ČESKOSLOVENSKO: ČESKOSLOVENSKÝ (common Czech-Slovak)
———— ČESKO: ČESKÝ/ČEŠTINA (Czech)
———— SLOVENSKO: SLOVENSKÝ/SLOVENČINA (Slovak)
—— ŁUŽICA: SERBSKE (Lusatian/Sorbian/Wendish)
———— HORNJA ŁUŽICA: HORNJOSERBSKE (Upper Lusatian)
———— DOLNA ŁUŽYCA: DOLNOSERBSKI (Lower Lusatian)
—— KASZËBË: KASZËBSCZI JÃZËK (Kashubian)
—— POLSKA: POLSKI (Polish)
—— РУСЬ: РУСКІ (East Slavic)
———— РУСЬКА ЗЕМЛЕ: РУСИНЬСКЫЙ (Ruthenian)
———— УКРАЇНА: УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ (Ukrainian)
———— БЕЛАРУСЬ: БЕЛАРУСКІ (Belorussian)
———— РОССИЯ: РУССКИЙ (Russian)
MAGYARORSZÁG: MAGYAR (Hungarian)
MALTA: MALTI (Maltese)
JUGOSLAVIJA: JUGOSLOVENSKI (South Slavic continuum)
—— SLOVENIJA: SLOVENŠČINA (Slovene)
—— CENTRALNA JUGOSLAVIJA: CENTRALNO-JUŽNOSLOVENSKI/SRPSKOHRVATSKI (Serbocroatian)
———— СРБИЈА: СРПСКИ (Serbian in Cyrillic)
———— GORA: NAŠINSKI (Gorani)
—— БЪЛГАРИЯ: БЪЛГАРСКИ (ЕЗИК) (Bulgarian)
———— (СЕВЕРНА) МАКЕДОНИЈА: МАКЕДОНСКИ (Macedonian)
SHQIPËRIA: SHQIP (Albanian)
ΕΛΛΑΔΑ: ΈΛΛΗΝ/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΆ (Greek)
ROMÂNIA: ROMÂNA/ROMÂNEŞTE (Romanian)
—— *ARMÂNIA: ARMÂNEASHTI (Aroumanian or Vlach)
SZÉKELYFÖLD: MAGYAR (Hungarian in central Romania)
КОМИ: КОМИ КЫВ (Komi)
УДМУРТ: УДМУРТ КЫЛ (Udmurt)
МАРИЙ ЭЛ: МАРИЙ (Mari)
ЧĂВАШ: ЧĂВАШ ЧĔЛХЙ (Chuvash)
МОРДОВИЯ: ЭРЗЯНЬ/МОКШОНЬ КЕЛЬ (Mordvin)
ХАЛЬМГ ТАҢЧ: *ХАЛЬМГ (Kalmyk-Oirat)
TÜRKESTAN: TÜRKÇE (Turkic continuum)
—— ГАГАУЗ-ЕРИ: ГАГАУЗИ (Gagauz)
—— TÜRKİYE: TÜRKÇE (Turkish)
—— AZƏRBAYCAN: AZƏRİ DİLİ (Azeri/Azerbaijani)
—— QARAÇAY-MALQAR: QARAÇAYÇA-MALQARÇA (Karachay-Balkar)
—— TÜRKMENISTAN: TÜRKMENÇE (Turkmen, or Turkoman)
—— QIRIM: QIRIM TATARÇASI (Crimean Tatar)
—— БАШҠОРТОСТАН: БАШҠОРТ ТЕЛЕ (Bashkir)
—— TATARSTAN: TATARÇA (Tatar)
—— O‘ZBEKISTON: O‘ZBEKCHA (Uzbek)
—— ҚАЗАҚСТАН: ҚАЗАҚ (Kazak)
———— QARAQALPAQSTAN: QARAQALPAQ (Kara-Kalpak)
—— КЫРГЫЗСТАН: КЫРГЫЗЧА (Kyrgyz)
—— UYĞURSTAN: UYĞURÇE (Uyghur)
—— САХА: САХА ТЫЛА (Yakut)
ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆ HAJASTAN: ՀԱՅԵՐԷՆ HAJERĒN (Armenian)
საქართველო SAK‛ART‛VELO: ქართული K‛ART‛ULI (Georgian)
—— MARGALISTAN-LAZISTAN: MARGALURI-LAZURI (Mingrelian-Laz)
ИРЫСТОН-АЛАНИЯ: ИРОН ÆВЗАГ (Ossete)
ADYGE: ADYGEBZE (Circassian)
—— QEBERDEJ: QEBERDEJBZE (Kabardin)
—— *ŠERDŽES: ADYGEBZE (Cherkess)
—— АДЫГЭ: АДЫГАБЗЭ (Adyge)
АҦСНЫ-АБАЗАШТА: АҦСУА-АБАЗА
—— АҦСНЫ: АҦСУА (Abkhaz)
———— АБЖЬЫУА (Abzhui)
———— БЗЫҦ (Bzyb)
—— АБАЗАШТА: АБАЗА (Abazin)
NOXÇIYÇÖ-GHALGHAACHIE: NOXÇIYN-GHALGHAAJ MOTT (Chechen-Ingush)
АВАРИСТАН: АВАР МАЦІ (Avari)
ЛЕЗГИСТАН: ЛЕЗГИ ЧІАЛ (Lezgin)
ΚΎΠΡΟΣ: ΈΛΛΗΝ (Greek in Cyprus)
ܡܥܠܘܠܐ MACLŪLĀ - ܒܟܥܐ BAXCĀ - ܓܒ ܥܕܝܢ GUB CADĪN: ܐܪܡܝܬ ƆARAMĪT (Western Syriac or Neo-Aramaic)
ישראל JIŚRAƆEL: עברית CIBRĪT (Hebrew)
ܐܬܪܐ ƆATRĀ: ܐܬܪܢܝܐ ƆATRANAJĀ (Assyrian-Chaldean-Syriac)
—— ܛܘܪ ܥܒܕܝܢ TŪR CABDĪN: ܣܘܼܪܲܝܬ - ܛܘܪܝܐ SŪRAJT-TŪRAJĀ
العربية ƆAL-CARABĪAḦ: عربى CARABĪ (Standard Arabic)
—— الخليج ƆAL-XALĪĜ (Gulf Arabic)
———— العراق ƆAL-CIRĀQ (Arabic in Iraq)
—— عمان CUMĀN (Arabic in Oman)
—— نجد NAĜD (Arabic in Najd)
—— الحجاز ƆAL-HIĜĀZ (Arabic in the Hijaz)
—— اليمن ƆAL-JAMAN (Arabic in Yemen)
—— الشام ƆAL-ŠĀM (Levantine Arabic)
———— سوريا SŪRĪĀ (Arabic in Syria and Lebanon)
———— الاردن-فلسطين ƆAL-ƆURDUN:-FILASTĪN (Arabic in Jordan and Palestine)
—— بدو *BADŬ (Arabic in the Red Sea/Sinai area)
—— مصر MASR: مصرى MASRĪ (Egyptian Arabic)
—— الصعيد ƆAL-SACĪD (Arabic in Upper Egypt)
—— السودان ƆAL-SŪDĀN (Arabic in Sudan)
—— المغرب ƆAL-MAĞRIB (Arabic in the Maghreb)
———— ليبيا LĪBĪĀ (Arabic in Libya)
———— تونس TŪNIS (Arabic in Tunisia)
———— دزائر DZĀỈIR: درجة DARĜAḦ (Arabic in Algeria)
—— المغرب الاقصى ƆAL-MAĞRIB ƆAL-ƆAQSAJ (Arabic in Morocco)
—— موريتانيا MŪRĪTĀNĪĀ (Arabic in Mauritania)
—— تشاد عربى TŠĀD CARABĪ (Arabic in Chad)
ROTÁN (Broad Nubian)
—— NÒBÍÍN
TAMAZGHA: TAMAZIGHT (Berber)
—— KABILIE: *TAKBAILIT (Berber in Kabylia)
—— GARDAIA
—— AURES
—— RIF: TARIFIT
—— *SHLHA: TASHLHIT
—— AZAWAD: TAMASHEQ (Tuareg)
*NGAMBAI
GHANA-WALATA: SOONINKANXANNE (Soninke)
ISA BER – KOYRA: KOYRA KINE (Sõngai, Zarma/Djerma, Dendi)
SENUFO: SENARI
CANARIAS: ESPAÑOL (Spanish in the Canaries)
AFRIQUE: FRANÇAIS (French in Africa)
KABU VERDI: KRIOULO (in Cape Verde)
CABO VERDE: PORTUGUÊS (in Cape Verde)
JOLOF: WOLOF
SIIN: SEREER SIIN (Serer-Sine)
FUUTA: FULFULDE (Fulani, Pulaar)
—— FUUTA JALON: PULAR
—— FUUTA TOORO: PULAAR
—— SEENO-HAYRE
—— KEÑEBA
—— MAASINA: FULFULDE (MAASINANKOORE)
—— JAM’AARE
—— JEERI
—— BUNNDU
—— ADAMAWA
THE GAMBIA: ENGLISH
MANDEN: MANDENKAN (Malinke, Bambara, Jula, Mandinka, Mandingo)
GINE-BISAU: KRIOL (Crioulo in Guiné-Bissau)
A GUINÉ-BISSAU: PORTUGUÊS (in Guiné-Bissau)
*SUSU: SUSU-YALUNKA
TEMNE (or Themne)
MƐNDE: MƐNDE (Mende, Bandi, Loko)
LIBERIA-SIERRA LEONE: ENGLISH
*LAIBIRYA-SALON: KREYOL-KRIO
KPƐLƐ: KPƐLƐWOO (Kpelle)
*BASSA
*DAN
DAGAO-DAGARATENG: DAGAARE-DAGARA (Birifor, Wali)
BURKINA: MÒORÉ (Mossi)
*GURMA: *GURMANCÉMA
AKANAMAN: AKANA (Twi, Fante, Ashanti, Abron, Akuapem, Akyem)
DAGBOŊ: DAGBANLI (Dagomba, Frafra, Nanumba, Talni, Mamprusi)
GONJA: GONJA
NEW GHANA: ENGLISH
ANYIN-BAULE
DANHOMƐ: EƲEGBE (Fon-gbe, Ge~gbe)
TAGBA: SÉNOUFO SÌCÌTÉ (and Supyire)
TIÉYAXO
GÃ-NKRAN: GA-ADANGME-KROBO
*KABIYÉ
ỊJỌ
*EBIRA
KIN NUPE: EZI NUPE
*BISSA
BUSA: BUSA
BAATOMBU: BAATONUM (Bariba)
ILẸ̀-YORÙBÁ: YORÙBÁ
IWERE: IṢẸKIRI
BENIN-EDO: BINI-EDO
URHOBO: URHOBO
HIDKALA: HIDKALANCI (Lamang)
GOKANA
ALA IGBO: IGBO
UYO: IKO EFIK-IBIBIO-ÁNÀŊ
TIV: TIV
KANOWRA – KANEM-BORNU: KANURÍ
PIKKÀ: BO PIKKÀ (Bole)
NIGERIA: ENGLISH
KASAN HAUSAWA: HAUSA
MBENGWI: METTA
BUWAL-GAWAR: BUWAL-GAWAR
MUFULU: MAFA (Matakam)
WES COS (Cameroon Pidgin)
BAMILEKE
BATANGA: BANỌỌ-BAPỌKỌ
SÃO TOMÉ E PRÍNCIPE: PORTUGUÊS
RÍO MUNI – FERNANDO PÓO: ESPAÑOL
ANGOLA: PORTUGUÊS
KUNTU: KINTU (Bantu continuum)
—— OTCHO-ERI: BUBI
—— BÉTI (Fang, Bulu, Ewondo, Eton)
—— *TEKE
—— MONGÁLA: LINGÁLA
—— BOMONGO: LOMONGO (Nkundo)
—— NSI KONGO: KIKONGO (Kongo, Kituba, Munukutuba)
—— LUANDA: KIMBUNDU (north Mbundu)
—— *BALUVALE: CHILUVALE
—— CHOKWE
—— LUNDA: CILUNDA
—— UKWANGALI: RUKWANGALI
—— BENGELA: UMBUNDU (Ovimbundu, south Mbundu)
—— OVAMBO: OSHIVAMBO
———— UUKWANYAMA: OSHIKWANYAMA
———— ONDONGA: OSHINDONGA
—————— UUKWALUUDHI
—————— ONGANDYERA
—————— UUKOLONKADHI
———— UUKWAMBI
—— EHIROVAHERERO: OTJIHERERO (Zimba/Hemba)
—— DIYEYI: SHIYEYI
—— BULOZI: SILOZI (Lozi)
—— KWANGUNI: ISINGUNI
———— KWAZULU: ISIZULU (Zulu)
—————— KWANDEBELE: ISINDEBELE (Ndebele)
———— KWAXHOSA: ISIXHOSA (Xhosa)
———— ESWATINI-KANGWANE: SISWATI-SINGWANE (Swazi)
—— BOSOTHO: SESOTHO
———— LESOTHO: SESOTHO SA BOROA (Southern)
———— LEBOA: SESOTHO SA LEBOA (Northern, Pedi)
———— BOTSWANA: SETSWANA (Western, Tswana)
—— VENḒA: TSHIVENḒA
—— GAZA: XITSONGA (Tsonga, Tshwa, Ronga, Changana/Shangaan)
—— INHAMBANE: GITONGA
—— ZIMBABHWE: CHISHONA (Shona, Ndau, Korekore, Zeseru, Karanga)
———— MANYIKA (Manica)
—— UBUNYAKYUSA: EKENYAKYUSA
—— BEMBA: ICIBEMBA
—— TONGA: ICITONGA (Tonga, Lenje, Ila, Sala)
—— UNYIKA-ULAMBYA: NYIKA-LAMBYA (Nyiha, Ndali, Sukwa, Nyamwanga)
—— SENA: CHISENA (Nyungwe, Rwe, Kunda)
—— MALAŴI: CHINYANJA-CHICHEŴA (Nyanja, Chewa, Mang'anja)
—— UTUMBUKA-UTONGA: CHITUMBUKA-CHITONGA
—— NGONI
—— UMAKHUWANI: IMAKHUWANI (Makua, chiLomwe)
—— KUYAAWO: CIYAAWO (Yao, Merwa)
—— MAKONDE: CHIMÁKONDE (Makonde, Machinga)
—— KASAÏ-SHABA: TSHILUBA (Luba-Lulua, Songe)
—— OOBUSHI«: AAMASHI« (Shi)
—— RWANDA-BURUNDI: KINYARWANDA-KIRUNDI
———— RWANDA: KINYARWANDA
———— BURUNDI: KIRUNDI
———— BUHA: KIHA
—— BUHAYA-BUZINZA-KARAGWE: OLUHAYA-ECIZINZA-RUNYAMBO (Haya, KiHaya, Ziba, Jinja, Nyambo)
—— BUKEREBE: EKIKEREBE
—— KITARA: RUNYAKITARA
———— BUNYORO-TOORO: RUNYORO-RUTOORO
———— NKORE-KIGEZI: RUNYANKORE-RUKIGA (Nyankore/Ankole, Chiga)
—— BUGANDA-BUSOGA: LUGANDA-LUSOGA
———— BULUYIA-BUGISU: OLULUYIA-LUGISU (Luhya, Masaba)
—————— MARAGOOLI: ULURAGOOLI
—————— SAAMIA: LUSAAMIA
—— UNYAMWEZI: KINYAMWEZI
———— USUKUMA: KISUKUMA
———— USUMBWA: KISUMBWA
—— MPANDA: BENDE
—— UGOGO: CHIGOGO
—— USWAHILINI: KISWAHILI
———— MASIWA: SHIMASIWA (Comoros Swahili)
—————— NGAZIDJA: SHINGAZIDJA (Grand Comore)
—————— MWALI: SHIMWALI (Moheli)
—————— NZWANI-MAORE: SHINZWANI-SHIMAORE (Anjouan-Mayotte)
———— PALMA: MAKWE
—— ULUGURU: IKILUGURU
—— GUSII: EKEGUSII (Kisii)
—— BUKURIA: IKIKURIA
—— KĨRĨNYAGA (Mt. Kenya groups)
———— BŨRŨRĨ WA GĨKŨYŨ: GĨGĨKŨYŨ (Kikuyu)
———— MERU: KIMERU
———— EMBU: KIEMBU
———— UKAMBANI: KIKAMBA
—— UCHAGGA: KICHAGGA
—— TAITA-TAVETA: KITAITA-KITAVETA
———— SAGALLA: KISAGALLA
—— NYIKA (Giryama, Chonyi, Duruma, Digo)
KAAPLAND: AFRIKAANS
SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA: ENGLISH
MOÇAMBIQUE: PORTUGUÊS
BÊ-AFRÎKA: SÄNGÖ
GBAYA-NGBAKA-MANJA
WADAI: BURA MABANG (Maba)
ZANDÉ (Nzakara)
*DARFUR: BÈLE FÒÒR/FÒÒRAŊ BÈLE (Fur)
JIËNG: THUƆŊJÄŊ (Dinka)
CIENG NAATH: NAATH (Nuer)
SEBEI: KUPSABINY
ACHOLI-LANGO: DHOLUO (Acholi, Lango, Luo, Kumam, Alur)
—— PADHOLA: DHOPADHOLA (Adhola)
KARAMOJA-TURKWEN-TESO: KARAMOJONG-KITURKANA-ATESO (Toposa, Nyangatom, Jie)
*KALENJIN: *KALENJIN
OLOSHO LE MAA: ƆL MAA (Maasai)
SAMBURU: ƆL MAA
LUO: DHOLUO (Luo, Acholi, Lango)
OROMIYAA: OROMIFFA (Oromo, Borana)
YEMSA
SIDAAMA: SIDAAMU AFO (Sidama)
WOLAYTTA: WOLAYTTA
GAMO-GOFA: GAMO-GOFA-DAWRO
KAFA: KAFICHO
SHAKA: SHAKACHO
KAMBAATA
HADIYYA
GURAGE: GUARAGIŊA
—— ስልጥኘ SƏLƏTƏÑÄ (Silt’e)
ሐበሻ HABÄŠA (Ethiopic)
—— አማራ ƆÄMARA: አማርኛ ƆÄMARƏÑA (Amharic)
—— ትግራይ TƏGƏRAJƏ: ትግርኛ TƏGƏRƏÑA (Tigrinya)
—— ትግረ *ምድር TƏGƏRÄ *MƏDƏRƏ: ትግራይት TƏGƏRAJƏTƏ (Tigré)
ከረን KÄRÄNƏ: ብሊን BƏLINƏ (Bilin)
QAFÁR: QAFÁR AF (Afar)
HARAR (Harari)
SOOMAALIYA: AF SOOMAALI (Somali)
MADAGASIKARA: MALAGASY
MORIS-SESEL: MORISYEN-SESELWA (French creole in Mauritius and Seychelles)
—— RÉNYON: RÉNYONÉ (Reunion creole)
KURDISTAN: KURDÎ (Kurdish)
—— KURDISTAN BAKUR: KURMANCÎ (Northern Kurdish)
—— KIRMANÇİYE: KIRMANÇKİ (Zazaki, Dimli, Alevi)
گيلان GĪLĀN: گيلکى GĪLƏKĪ
مازندران MĀZANDARĀN: مازِرونى MĀZƏRŪNĪ (Mazandarani)
ايران ƆĪRĀN: فارسى FĀRSĪ (or Persian)
—— HAZARAĜAT: HAZARAGI (Hazara)
—— تاجيكستان درى TĀĜĪKISTĀN DARĪ: درى DARĪ
—— ТОҶИКИСТОН: ТОҶИКӣ (Tajiki)
پښتونستان PAXTŪNESTĀN: پښتو PAXTO (Pashto)
—— وزيرستان ŬAZĪRISTĀN: وزيرى ŬAZĪRĪ
LURISTAN: LURI
بلوچستان BALŪČISTĀN: بلوچى BALŪČĪ (Baluchi)
براهوستان BRĀHŪISTĀN: براهوی BRĀHŪĪ
NURISTĀN (Nuristāni)
*K‛AM
كٲشُر KAŠIR^ŭ: KÖŠIR^ŭ (Kashmiri)
ŠINĀ
KŌHISTĀN: KŌHISTĀNĪ
C‛ITRĀR: K‛ŌVĀR
आर्यावर्त ĀRJĀVARTA: आर्य भाषा ĀRJA B‛ĀS̩Ā (Indo-Aryan continuum)
—— मध्यदेश MAD‛JADĒŚ: मध्यदेशी MAD‛JADĒŚĪ
———— भारत B‛ĀRAT: हिनदी HINDĪ (standard Hindi)
———— اردوستان URDŪSTĀN: اردو URDŪ
———— हरियाणा-*बांगर HARIJĀN̩A-BĀ̃GAR: हरियाणी-बांगरू HARIJĀN̩Ī-BĀ̃GARŪ
———— ब्रज BRAJ: ब्रज भाषा BRAJ B‛ĀS̩Ā
———— कन्नौज KANNÅJ: कन्नौजी KANNÅJĪ
———— बुन्देलखण्ड BUNDĒLK‛AN̩D̩: बुन्देली BUNDĒLĪ
—— राजसथान RĀJAST‛ĀN: राजसथानी RĀJAST‛ĀNĪ
———— जय्पुर JAJPUR: जय्पुरी-ढूंढाड़ी JAJPURĪ-D‛Ū̃D̩‛ĀR̩Ī (Jaipuri-Dhundhari)
———— मारवाड़ MĀRAVĀR̩: मारवाड़ी MĀRAVĀR̩Ī (Marwari)
———— माळवा MĀL̩AVĀ: माळवी MĀL̩AVĪ (Malvi)
———— निमाड़ NIMĀR̩: निमाड़ी NIMĀR̩Ī
———— मेवात MĒVĀT: मेवाती MĒVĀTĪ (Mewati)
———— *बागड़ BĀGAR̩: *बागड़ी BĀGR̩Ī
—— उत्तर्देश UTTARDĒŚ: उत्तर्देशी UTTARDĒŚĪ
———— अवध AVAD‛: अवधी AVAD‛Ī
———— *बघेलखण्ड BAG‛ĒLK‛AN̩D̩: बघेली BAG‛ĒLĪ
———— छत्तीसगढ़ C‛ATTĪSGAR̩‛: छत्तीसगढ़ी C‛ATTĪSGAR̩‛Ī
—— बिहार BIHĀR: बिहारी BIHĀRĪ
———— मिथिला MIT‛ILĀ: मैथिली MÆT‛ILĪ
———— भोजपुर B‛ŌJPUR: भोजपुरी B‛ŌJPURĪ (Sadani, Shadri, Nagpuria)
———— मगह MAGAH: मगही MAGAHĪ
—— هندکو HINDKOŬ
—— *गुजारिस्तान GUJĀRISTĀN: गुजारी GUJĀRĪ
—— पहाड़ PAHĀR̩: पहाड़ी PAHĀR̩Ī (WEST)
———— डोगरांचल D̩ŌGRĀ̃CAL: डोगरी D̩ŌGRĪ
—— उत्तर्खण्ड UTTARK‛AN̩D̩: कुमायूनी-गढ़वाली KUMĀJŪNĪ-GAR̩‛VĀLĪ (Central Pahār̩ī)
———— कुमाऊँ KUMĀŪ̃: कुमायूनी KUMĀJŪNĪ (Kumaoni)
———— गढ़वाल GAR̩‛VĀL: गढ़वाली GAR̩‛VĀLĪ (Garhwali)
—— नेपाल NĒPĀL: नेपाली NĒPĀLĪ (Eastern Pahār̩ī)
—— ਪੰਜਾਬ PÃJĀB: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ PÃJĀBĪ (Punjabi)
—— پنجاب PANĜĀB LAHNDĀ: LAHNDĀ (Western Punjabi)
—— سراييكستان SIRĀJĪKISTĀN: سراييكى SIRĀJĪKĪ
—— سنڌ SIND‛: سنڌي SIND‛Ī
———— وچولو ŬIČOŬLOŬ: وچولي ŬIČOŬLĪ
———— *لاڙو LĀR̩Ū: لاڙى LĀR̩Ī
———— LASA B‛ELO: LASĪ
———— T‛ARU: T‛ARĪ
———— कच्छ KACC‛: कच्छी KACC‛Ī
—— ગુજરાત GUJARĀT: ગુજરાતી GUJARĀTĪ
—— *वागड़-भीलिसतान VĀGAR̩-B‛ĪLISTAN: *वागड़ी-भीली VĀGAR̩Ī-B‛ĪLĪ
—— खानदेश K‛ĀNDĒŚ: खानदेशी K‛ĀNDĒŚĪ
—— मराठा-महाराष्ट्र MARĀT̩‛Ā-MAHĀRĀS̩T̩RA: मराठी MARĀT̩‛Ī
—— कोंकण KŌ̃KAN̩: कोंकणी KŌ̃KAN̩Ī
—— डेक्कन D̩ĒKKAN: डेक्कनी D̩ĒKKANĪ (Deccan)
—— ଓଡ଼ିଶା OR̩IŚĀ: ଓଡ଼ିଆ OR̩IĀ
—— বাংলাদেশ BĀ̃LĀDĒŚ: বাংলা BĀ̃LĀ (Bengali)
———— সিলেট SILĒT̩: সিলেটী SILĒT̩Ī (Sylhetti)
———— চট্টগ্রাম CAT̩T̩AGRĀM: চাটগাঁইয়া CĀT̩AGĀ̃JĀ (Chittagonian)
—— অসম ASAM: অসমিয়া ASAMIJĀ (Assamese)
———— NAGALIM: NAGA (Naga-Assamese)
नेवा: NĒVĀ’: नेवा: भाय् NĒVĀ’ B‛ĀJ (Newari)
GORMATĪ (Lambadi)
INDIA: ENGLISH
ދިވެހި ރާއްޖެ DIVEHI RĀƆJE: ދިވެހި DIVEHI (Maldivian and Mahl)
ශ්‍රී ලංකා ŚRĪ LÃKĀ: සිංහල SĨHALA (Sinhalese)
द्राविड़ DRĀVIR̩A (Dravidian South India)
—— ತುಳುನಾಡು TUL̩U-NĀD̩U: ತುಳು TUL̩U
—— ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ KARNĀT̩AKA: ಕನನಡ KANNAD̩A
—— ಕೊಡಗು KOD̩AGU: ಕೊಡವ ತಕ್‌ KOD̩AVA TAK (Coorg)
—— കേരളം KĒRAL̩Ã: മലയാളം MALAJĀL̩Ã (Malayalam)
—— தமிழ் நாடு TAMIZ NĀT̩U: தமிழ் TAMIZ (Tamil)
—— ఆంధరదేశము Ā̃D‛RADĒŚAMU: తెలుగు TELUGU
———— ఆంధర Ā̃D‛RA
———— తెలంగాన TELÃGĀNA
———— రాయలసీమ RĀJALASĪMA
—— गोंडवाना GÕD̩VĀNĀ: गोंड GÕD̩ (Gond)
—— KURUX: KURUX KAT‛Ā (Kurukh/Oraon)
*K‛ĒRVĀRISTĀN: K‛ĒRVĀRĪ (Kherwari, Sãt‛ālī, Mundari, Ho)
བོད་ BOD (Tibetan)
—— བོད་ BOD: བོད་སྐད་ BOD SKAD (Tibetan continuum)
———— མང་ཡུལ་ MAŊ JUL (Western Tibetan)
—————— بلتيول BALTĪŪL: بلتي BALTĪ
—————— ལ་དྭགས་ LA DŬAGS: ལ་དྭགས་སྐད་ LA DŬAGS SKAD (Ladākhī)
———— དབུས་གཙང་ DBUS GSAŊ (Ü-Tsang)
———— ཁམས་ K‛AMS
———— ཨ༌མདོ་ A MDO
———— འབྲས་ལྗོངས་ ƆBRAS LJOŊS: འབྲས་ལྗོངས་སྐད་ ƆBRAS LJOŊS SKAD (Sikkimese, Da-Njong-Ka)
———— འབྲུག་ ƆBRUG: རྫོང་ཁ་ RZOŊ K‛A (Dzongkha, or Bhutanese)
—— RÓŊ: RÓŊ RÍŊ (Lepcha)
—— K‛EŊ - བུམ་ཐང་ BUM T‛AŊ: K‛EŊ SKAD - བུམ་ཐང་སྐད་ BUM T‛AŊ SKAD (Kheng-Bumthang)
———— MAŊDI: MAŊDIKÄ (Mangdikha)
———— KURTO: KURTOKÄ
—— ཕྱ་ལི་ P‛JA LI: P‛JA LI KÄ (Chali, Tsalingpa)
बोड़ो BŌRŌ (Bodo)
MĀNDĒ: MĀNDĒ KUSIK (Garo)
RI KHASI: KHASI
MEITHEI LEIPĀK: MEITHEI (Manipuri)
MIZORAM: MIZO
АЛТАЙ: АЛТАЙ (Altay)
ТЫВА: ТЫВА (Tuvan)
ЕВЕДЫ: ЕВЕДЫ *ТУРËН (Evenki)
*ЧАВЧВАЕЙЫЛ (Koryak)
ЧАВЧЫВ (Chukchi)
МОНГОЛ УЛС: МОНГОЛ (Mongolian)
БУРЯАД: БУРЯАД XЭЛЭH (Buryat)
中國 ÇUŊ⁵ KUO³⁵: 中文 ÇUŊ⁵ UƏN³⁵ (Chinese continuum and common literary space)
—— 漢國 XAN⁵¹ KUO³⁵: 漢語 XAN⁵¹ ܲ¹⁴ (Mandarin)
———— 晉 ĆIN⁵¹: 晉語 ĆIN⁵¹ ܲ¹⁴
—— 吳 HU²: 吳語 HU² ÑÜ⁴ (Wú, Shanghainese)
—— 贛 KÖN: 贛語 KÖN NÜ (Gàn, Jiang Xi)
—— 湘: 湘語 (Xiāng or Hunanese)
—— 閩北 MIŊ⁵³ PAÖK²¹³: 閩北語 MIŊ⁵³ PAÖK²¹³ Ŋܳ (Northern Min)
—— 閩南 BAN³⁵ LAM³⁵: 閩南話 BAN³⁵ LAM³⁵ UA³ (Southern Min, Taiwanese, Hoklo)
—— 客家國 HAK¹ KA⁴ KET¹: 客家話 HAK¹ KA⁴ VA¹ (Hakka)
—— 兩廣 LÖŊ³ KUOŊ³⁵: 廣話 KUOŊ³⁵ UĀ³⁵ (Cantonese)
고려 KO LJE: 고려어 KO LJE E (Korean)
日本 NItu-PON: 日本語 NI-HON-GO (Japanese)
NASU (Lolo, Yi)
NAQXI (Naxi, Moso)
MACAU: MACAÍSTA (Macao creole)
CUENGH GOZ: SAW CUENGH (Zhuang)
—— BUXQYAIX (Bouyei)
เมืองไทย MIĀŊ-DÆJ: ภาษาไทย B‛ĀS̩ĀDÆJ (Thai)
—— อีสาน ’ĪSĀN – ລາວ LĀŬ
———— อีสาน ’ĪSĀN : ภาษาอีสาน B‛ĀS̩Ā’ĪSĀN (Isan)
———— ລາວ LĀŬ: ພາສາລາວ B‛ĀS̩ĀLĀŬ (Laotian)
—— MOŊ DTAI – HSIP1 HSONG1 PAN4 NA4
———— MOŊ DTAI: DTAI (Shan)
———— HSIP1 HSONG1 PAN4 NA4: DAI (Lü, Baiyi, Khün, Lanna Thai)
KAM⁵⁵ (Dong)
JINGPHO (Kachin)
*CHIN
ကီၢ်သူလ့ KÅSULE: ကရင် KARAŊ (Karen)
ကယား KAJĀ:: KAJĀ:LI (Karenni)
ဗမာ-မြန်မာ BAMĀ-MRANMĀ: ဗမာစာ-မြန်မာစာ BAMĀCĀ-MRANMĀCĀ (Burmese)
*YANGBYE
IU MIEN (Yáo)
HMOOB TEB CHAWS: LUS HMOOB (Hmong or Miáo)
—— MOOB LEEG TEB: LUG MOOB LEEG (or NTSUAB) (Blue/Green Hmong)
———— HMOOB DAWB TEB: LUS HMOOB DAWB (White Hmong)
———— HMOOB TXAIJ TEB: LUS HMOOB TXAIJ (Striped Hmong)
———— HMOOB *QUA MBAAB TEB: LUS HMOOB *QUA MBAAB (Banded-Sleeve Hmong)
———— HMOOB PEG TEB: LUS HMOOB PEG
—— HMOOB SIB TEB: LUS HMOOB SIB
—— HMOOB XAUV TEB: LUS HMOOB XAUV
—— HMOOB DUB TEB: LUS HMOOB DUB (Black Hmong)
မန် MAN: ဘာသာ မန် B‛ĀSĀMAN (Mon)
កម្ពុជា KAMBUJA: ភាសាខ្មែរ B‛ĀSĀK‛MER (Khmer, or Cambodian)
VIỆT NAM: TIẾNG VIỆT (Vietnamese)
ACHEH: BASA ACHEH (Achinese)
BATAK: *BATAK
—— KLUET: BATAK ALAS-KLUET
—— TOBA: TOBA BATAK
TANAH MELAYU: BAHASA MELAYU (Malay)
—— ALAM MINANGKABAU: BAHASO MINANG (Minangkabau)
NIAS: NIAS
LAMPUNG: LAMPUNG
*REJANG
新加坡 ŚIN¹ KA⁵ P‛O⁵: 閩南語 BAN³⁵ LAM³⁵ GU⁵³ (Southern Min in Singapore)
新加坡 ŚIN⁵ ĆIA⁵ P‛UO⁵: 漢語 XAN⁵¹ ܲ¹⁴ (Mandarin in Singapore)
சிங்கப்பூர் CIŊKAPPŪR: தமிழ் TAMIZ (Tamil in Singapore)
*NJO
*ABUNG
SUNDA: BASA SUNDA (Sundanese)
JAKARTA BETAVI: BETAVI
JAWA: BASA JAWA (Javanese)
MADURA: BASA MADURA (Madurese)
BALI: BASA BALI (Balinese)
LOMBOK: SASAK
SUMBAWA: SUMBAWA
ROTE WEST: WESTERN ROTE
ROTE: ROTE
TIMOR LORO SAE: TETUN (Tetum)
DJUMPANDANG (Macassarese)
WUGI’: BASA WUGI’ (Buginese)
BANJAR: BANJAR MELAU
SARAWAK: IBAN
PILIPINAS: PILIPINO-TAGALOG
KAILOKUAN: ILOKO (Ilocano)
*PANGANSINAN
PAMPANGA: KAPAMPANGAN
BIKOL: BIKOLON (Bicolano)
IFUGAW
BISAYA: BISAYA (Visayan continuum)
—— SUGBO: SUGBUHANON (Cebuano)
—— SAMAR-LEYTE: WINARAY (or Binisayaq or Wáray-Wáray)
—— ILOILO-NEGROS OCCIDENTAL: ILÓNGGO-HILIGAYNON
—— MASBATE: MASBATENYO
—— CAPIZ: CAPIZNON (Capizeño)
—— AKLAN: AKLANON (and Malaynon)
—— ANTIQUE: KINARAY-A
—— KUYO: KUYONON (Cuyo)
—— SURIGAW: SURIGAWNON
—— BUTUAN: BUTUANON
—— LUPAH SUG: BAHASA SUG (Tausug or Sulu)
DANAW: DANAWON
—— MAGINDANAW: MAGINDAWON
—— LANAW: ILANUN
—— MARANAW: MARANAWON
DABAW: DABAWENYO (Kalagan, Mansaka)
*ZAMBOANGA: *SUBANON
BASILAN: YAKAN
*HOKLO
PAPUA
MOTU (and Hiri Motu)
SAOT PASIFIK AILANS (English Creole in the South Pacific)
—— NIU GINI: TOK PISIN (English Creole in New Guinea)
—— SOLOMON AILANS: PIJIN (English Creole in Solomon Islands)
—— VANUATU: BISLAMA
AUSTRALIA – NEW ZEALAND – PACIFIC: ENGLISH
*CHUAVE
*ENGA
ASUMBOA
ANUTA
KWARA’AE
SAVO: SAVOSAVO
MONO-ALO-FAURO: MONO
ISLAS MARIANAS: CHAMORU (Chamorro)
BELAU: TEKOI ER A BELAU
WA’AP (Yapese)
CHUUK (Trukese)
KOSRAE
POHNPEI
MAJÖL: KAJIN MAJÖL (Marshallese)
—— RĀLIK (western Marshallese)
—— RATAK (eastern Marshallese)
KIRIBATI: I-KIRIBATI (Gilbertese)
NAOERO (Nauruan)
*EBON
MALO: *MALO
EFATE NORTH (North Efate)
EFATE SOUTH (South Efate)
AMBAE EAST (East Ambae)
AMBAE WEST (West Ambae)
*ERROMANGA: SIE
KURRI: TINRIN
KANAKY: KANAK (Melanesian in New Caledonia)
FIJI: FIJI-HINDI
VITI: VOSA VAKAVITI (Fijian)
SAWAIKI (Polynesian)
—— AOTEAROA: TE REO MĀORI (Maori)
—— TONGA´: FAKA-TONGA´ (Tongan)
—— TUVALU-TOKELAU: ´GANA TUVALU-TOKELAU
—— SĀMOA: GAGANA SĀMOA
—— SIKAYANA (Sikaiana)
—— ‘UVEA: FAKA‘UVEA (Uvean, Wallisian)
—— FUTUNA: FAKAFUTUNA (Futunan)
—— KAPINGAMARANGI
—— MELE-FILA: *MELE-FILA
—— NUKUORO
—— NIUE: LILIU FAKA-NIUE
—— HAWAI‘I: ‘ŌLELO HAWAI‘I (Hawaiian)
—— TAHITI: TAHITIREOAREO (Tahitian)
—— RAPA NUI (Easter Island)
OCÉANIE: FRANÇAIS (French in Oceania)

ZONES FOR OBSOLETE DIALECTS

SQ’ŬAJÁILAQTMŠ (Upper Chehalis)
KARÚK VEEZÍVZAANEEN: KARÚK VAHI
WENDAKE: WÃDAT (Wyandot-Huron)
LENAPEHOKING: LËNAPEI LIXSUWAKÀN (Delaware)
MJAAMIONKI (Miami-Illinois)
TSENAKOMAKAH (Powhatan)
MÁNU: YĮ ĮSUWĄ: ĮSUWĄ (Catawba)
KERNOW: KERNEWEK (Cornish)
MANNIN: GAELG (Manx)
𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 GUTÞIUDA (Gothic)
РОУСЬ: РОУСЬСКЪ ꙖЗЫКЪ (Old East Slavic)
PRŪSA: PRŪSISKAN (Old Prussian)
SÛDAVÂ: SÛDAVIUN BILÂ (Sudovian)
𐌌𐌄𐌙𐌋 𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌍𐌀𐌋 MEK‛L RASNAL : 𐌆𐌉𐌙 𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌍𐌀 ZIK‛ RASNA (Etruscan)
ⲕⲏⲙⲉ KĒME: ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲕⲏⲙⲉ TMNT-RMN-KĒME (Coptic)
𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖 KMT_(region) (Ancient Egyptian)
𒌷𒄩𒀜𒌅𒊭 ḪA-AT-TU-ŠA: 𒉈𒅆𒇷 NEŠILI (Hittite)
LUŬIJA: LUŬILI (Luvian)
TRM̃MIS: TRM̃MILI (Lycian)
𐤀𐤓𐤌 ƆARAM: 𐤀𐤓𐤌𐤉𐤀 ƆARAMAJĀ (Aramaic)
ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ MANŽU : ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ MANŽU (Manchu)
MOSIR (Ainu)