ليبيا « LĪBĪĀ »
— Officially: الجمهورية الليبية « ɔal-Ĝumhūrīaḧ ɔal-Lībīaḧ ».
— English: Libya.
— Status: Not democratic; not unitary.
— Assessment: The régime of معمر القذافى « Mucam:ar ɔal-Qađ:āfī » (1969-2011), begun with a coup, was officially termed الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الإشتراكية العظمى « ɔal-Ĝamāhīrīaḧ ɔal-Carabīaḧ ɔal-Lībīaḧ ɔal-Šacbīaḧ ɔal-Ɔištirākīaḧ ɔal-Cuđmaj ». The ostensibly-decentralized structure concealed a state entirely controlled by القذافى « ɔal-Qađ:āfī », with help from his family, and with a totalitarian domination of residents’ lives, obliterating normal civil society. In early 2011, following uprisings that overthrew autocrats in neighboring states, protests began here as well, were violently repressed, and led to an armed rebellion that seized numerous cities, including most of برقة « Barqaḧ », centered on the rebel capital of بنغازي « Binğāzī ». Western cities and towns that rebelled were largely retaken before a UN-NATO intervention. The main exceptions were مصراتة « Misrātaḧ », which withstood a long siege, and the Amazigh mountain towns south of طرابلس « Tarābulus »; fighters from these areas later played a major role in liberating the rest of the country. طرابلس « Tarābulus » fell in a rapid offensive in August; القذافى « ɔal-Qađ:āfī » himself was killed as his hometown of سرت « Sirt » fell in October. After his death, a مجلس الوطني الانتقالي « Maĝlis ɔal-Ŭatanī ɔal-Ɔintiqālī » governed nominally for a time, followed by the مؤتمر الوطني العام « Mủtamar ɔal-Ŭatanī ɔal-Cām: », elected in 2012; but the militias never disbanded or gave up their influence. In 2014, a new election led to significant turnover; a rump مؤتمر الوطني العام « Mủtamar ɔal-Ŭatanī ɔal-Cām: » and supporting militias resisted yielding power.
 

The territory is divided into several effective states:

طرابلس « Tarābulus »
— English: Tripolitania.
— Status: Not democratic.
— Governing party: عملية فجر ليبيا « Camalīaḧ Faĝr Lībīā ».
— Heads of government: نوري أبو سهمين « Nūrī Ɔabū Sahmajn », president; خليفة الغويل « Xalifaḧ ɔal-Ğaŭajl », prime minister.
— Assessment: Dominated by the militia of مصراتة « Misrātaḧ » and the rump مؤتمر الوطني العام « Mủtamar ɔal-Ŭatanī ɔal-Cām: », operating in a coalition with other militias as فجر ليبيا « Faĝr Lībīā ». Controls طرابلس « Tarābulus » and مصراتة « Misrātaḧ ». Frequently associated with the Islamists who lost influence in the 2014 legislative elections; نوري أبو سهمين « Nūrī Ɔabū Sahmajn » had alienated many other forces by driving an Islamist agenda through the مؤتمر « Mủtamar ». After the elections, فجر ليبيا « Faĝr Lībīā » drove the new parliament and its supporters out of طرابلس « Tarābulus »; the Supreme Court subsequently ruled the new parliament illegitimate. Prime minister عمر الحاسي « Cumar ɔal-Hāsī » (2014-5) was removed by parliament in 2015.
 

الزنتان « ɔal-Zintān »
— English: Zintan.
— Status: Not democratic.
— Governing party: مجلس العسكري لثوار الزنتان « Maĝlis ɔal-Caskarī li-Ţaŭār ɔal-Zintān ».
— Assessment: The Amazigh militias were instrumental in the overthrow of القذافى « ɔal-Qađ:āfī », and had originally been assigned as security for parts of طرابلس « Tarābulus » until ejected by فجر ليبيا « Faĝr Lībīā » in 2014. Affiliated with عملية الكرامة « Camalīaḧ ɔal-Karāmaḧ ».
 

برقة الغربية « Barqaḧ ɔal-Ğarbīaḧ »
— English: Western Cyrenaica.
— Status: Not democratic.
— Governing party: أنصار الشريعة « Ɔansār ɔal-Šarīcaḧ ».
— Head of government: محمد الزهاوي « Muham:ad al-Zahāŭī », امير « ɔamīr ».
— Assessment: Radical Islamists; associated with the attack on the US consulate. Controls بنغازي « Binğāzī » and إجدابيا « Ɔiĝdābīā ».
 

برقة الشرقية « Barqaḧ ɔal-Šarqīaḧ »
— English: Eastern Cyrenaica.
— Seat of government: ‎طبرق « Tubruq ».
— Status: Not democratic.
— Governing party: عملية الكرامة « Camalīaḧ ɔal-Karāmaḧ ».
— Heads of government: خليفة بالقاسم حفتر « Xalīfaḧ Bālqāsim Haftar », army chief of staff; عبد الله الثني « Cabdɔullah ɔal-Ţinī », acting prime minister; عقيلة صالح عيسى « Caqīlaḧ Sālah Cīsaj », council president; إبراهيم الجضران « Ɔibrāhīm ɔal-Ĝadrān », militia commander.
— Assessment: A Council of Deputies was elected in 2014 (on low turnout) as government for all of ليبيا « Lībīā », but forced out of طرابلس « Tarābulus ». Represents the nearest thing to a legitimate government for ليبيا « Lībīā ».
 

Control over فزان « Fiz:ān » is unclear.
 

— FH: 4-5, partly free (democratic). Econ: 5.15 (95), hybrid. (For all of ليبيا « Lībīā ».)
— Updated: 2015 March 2.
 

O.T. FORD